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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. 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Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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Archaeology and the cognitive sciences in the study of human evolution
- Philip G. Chase
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- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / December 1993
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- 04 February 2010, pp. 752-753
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1 - Introduction and Background
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 03 May 2010
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- 22 December 2008, pp 3-27
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
This monograph reports on excavations carried out in the Cave of Fontéchevade (Charente, France) in the Universities of Pennsylvania and Perpignan from 1994 through 1998. The site had been excavated sporadically since the late nineteenth century, but is best known from the work of Germaine Henri-Martin (1957) conducted from 1937 to 1954. In total, these earlier excavations uncovered a very small Châtelperronian assemblage, along with an Aurignacian and Mousterian, all of which overlay a deep set of beds with a Tayacian industry. Bronze Age burials and occupation beds were also uncovered near the back of the cave.
The site of Fontéchevade has figured prominently in the paleoanthropological literature for many years because of two principal discoveries made by Henri-Martin. The first was a portion of hominin frontal bone designated Fontéchevade I, which, because it lacked a supraorbital torus, appeared quite out of place for a specimen that was originally thought to date to the last interglacial. Taken together with Fontéchevade II, a partial calotte that displays a more archaic appearance, this specimen was used to argue for the existence of an independent presapiens line of more modern humans in Europe during the early Upper Pleistocene (Heberer 1951, 1955; Vallois 1958), an interpretation that conflicts with what is now known about the fossil record in France and the rest of Europe.
11 - Description of the Lithic Industries
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- 22 December 2008, pp 170-226
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the basic descriptive data on the lithic assemblages from Fontéchevade. The presentation is organized according to four distinct groups of assemblages, which in fact are not related stratigraphically one to the other. The first group of assemblages is the collection excavated by Henri-Martin, which is now housed at the Musée d'Archéologie Nationale in St. Germain-en-Laye. As described in earlier chapters, this material comes from the front of the cave up to the main profile left by her. Although the material is labeled according to stratigraphic level and was analyzed by us accordingly, no other provenience information is available for the objects.
The other three groups of assemblages are the result of our own excavation. The first, and primary, set comes from the Main Profile, and the levels from this area are numbered (from the top down) with Arabic numbers (with subdivisions indicated by letters; e.g., 1A, 2B, etc.). Some of these sublevels have been combined where appropriate. The second set comes from our excavation in the back of the cave where Henri-Martin had excavated her Test Pit 3 (designated by us as the “Test Pit”). The levels from this area are given letter designations, and all of the subdivisions have been combined here. The third set of assemblages comes from the Witness Section left by Henri-Martin, which is located near the grid east wall of the cave, just outside the dripline.
8 - Faunal Taphonomy
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 22 December 2008, pp 127-138
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
The fauna recovered in the course of our excavations were grouped into six sectors:
Main Profile: from the upper levels of the main profile left by Henri-Martin's excavations
X Levels: from the disturbed deposits at the sides of the main profile, against the cave walls
Test Pit: from our expansion of Henri-Martin's Test Pit 3 near the back of the cave, with the exception of the Bronze Age levels
Bronze Age: from our expansion of Henri-Martin's Test Pit 3 near the back of the cave
Small Test: from our small test just behind and above the main profile; the sediments in this level had been severely disturbed and may have consisted of backdirt from Henri-Martin's excavations
Witness Section: the bench of sediments left as a “Témoin” by Henri-Martin; one level, TX, was a disturbed deposit analogous to or perhaps continuous with the X Levels
Fauna were generally not preserved in the Main Profile. There were faunal remains in Level 1A, but this level was seriously disturbed and its contents therefore suspect. Consequently, we have no material there corresponding to the majority of Henri-Martin's Bed E. Because she had removed all sediments above her Bed E, we also lack any material comparable to her Beds A–D.
The identified fauna consisted of rhinoceros, horses, bovines (Bos and/or Bison), cervids, carnivores, lagomorphs, birds, and turtle or tortoise (Table 8.1).
12 - Processes of Site Formation and Their Implications
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 22 December 2008, pp 229-247
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When Henri-Martin interpreted the data from her excavations at Fontéchevade, she did not have the benefit of the huge body of research into site-formation processes and lithic and faunal taphonomy that has developed since that time. The findings of this research, as well as the methods that were developed to investigate them, were fundamental to our interpretation of the site and of material from both her excavations and ours. This chapter describes our analysis of site-formation processes at Fontéchevade and lays out the implications of this analysis for the overall understanding of the hominin occupation of the site and of the nature of the Tayacian industry.
ORIGINS OF THE SEDIMENTS, LITHICS, AND FAUNAL REMAINS
Origin of the sediments
The sediments from which the artifacts and fauna were recovered seem to come from two sources. The first was the dolomite bedrock and enclosed chert nodules, from which blocks were removed, probably by solution processes. The dolomite was subsequently largely dissolved from the sediments. The second source was the sediments that overlay the cave and that entered through various chimneys.
Several lines of evidence support this conclusion. Chapter 3 summarizes the sedimentary evidence. The silty loam and quartz cobbles, pebbles, and granules that compose the bulk of the sediment cannot have been derived from the bedrock (arguments against the quartz cobbles having served as hammerstones are presented later in this chapter), and there is no evidence of either aeolian or fluviatile deposition, apart from the karstic clays of Level 8 that predate the hominin occupation of the site.
Contents
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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PART III - ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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Index
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- 22 December 2008, pp 269-270
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13 - Summary and Conclusions
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 22 December 2008, pp 248-254
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Summary
This monograph reports the results of new excavations at Fonté-chevade, one of the most important and best-known Paleolithic sites in Western Europe. The new excavations, which took place between 1994 and 1998, followed those of Germaine Henri-Martin, who worked there for many years during the middle part of the twentieth century. Although the meticulous reporting by Henri-Martin and her collaborators on the site's fossils and archaeological industries had a tremendous influence on the field of paleoanthropology, the new work has radically altered virtually every aspect of the earlier interpretations.
The Fontéchevade Cave, which is located near the town of Montbron in the southeastern part of the Department of the Charente, France, is a long, narrow, tunnel-like formation that extends back some 30 m from its north-facing mouth. When Henri-Martin started excavating in 1937, following relatively brief excavations by others since the turn of that century, the cave itself was almost completely full of sediment. However, after almost 20 years of work, with interruptions because of World War II, she had removed about 750 m3 of sediment. The main deposits of the site that were the focus of Henri-Martin's excavations were a relatively thick (up to 7 m) series of sediments that contained an industry called the Tayacian. These deposits preceded overlying industries of Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic, most of which had already been removed by the earlier excavations. The Tayacian deposits were subdivided on the basis of depth, rather than natural stratigraphy, into beds labeled E0 through E2′′′.
References
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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Frontmatter
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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List of Authors and Contributors
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 03 May 2010
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- 22 December 2008, pp xvii-xviii
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Acknowledgments
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 03 May 2010
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2 - Introduction to the 1994–1998 Excavations
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 22 December 2008, pp 28-60
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Summary
EXCAVATION METHODS
What follows is a description of the methods used in the current excavation of Fontéchevade and an overview of the work accomplished. The methodology is based in part on French tradition for Paleolithic excavations and in part on the methodologies that our team has developed through the years at the sites of La Quina, Combe-Capelle Bas, Cagny-l'Epinette, and Cagny-la-Garenne. Much of the methodology is based on the application of computerized recording techniques, which have been extensively described in previous publications (Dibble 1987b; Dibble et al. 1995; Dibble and McPherron 1989; McPherron and Dibble 1987, 2002). Special emphasis was given to standardizing the excavation techniques and recording methods at Fontéchevade, both to optimize analysis of the site itself and to make the data comparable with data collected at the previously listed sites.
The excavation grid
The site was excavated in 1-m units following the traditional French system of labeling excavation units with a letter-number designation. In this system, it is also traditional to place grid north directly into the cave. We followed this tradition, despite the fact that true north is almost exactly 180 degrees opposite. One of the principal advantages of doing so is that all of our maps are thus oriented in relation to the long axis of the cave, very much as we saw the cave each day. The principal disadvantage to this system is that there can be some confusion between, for instance, “west” and “grid west.
PART I - INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND METHODOLOGY
- Philip G. Chase , University of Pennsylvania, André Debénath, Université de Perpignan, France, Harold L. Dibble, University of Pennsylvania, Shannon P. McPherron, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
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- The Cave of Fontéchevade
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- 03 May 2010
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- 22 December 2008, pp 1-2
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The Cave of Fontéchevade
- Recent Excavations and their Paleoanthropological Implications
- Philip G. Chase , André Debénath, Harold L. Dibble, Shannon P. McPherron
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- 03 May 2010
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- 22 December 2008
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Summary of the discoveries made during the course of excavations at the Paleolithic cave site of Fontéchevade, France, between 1994 and 1998. The excavation team address major problems raised by earlier excavations at the site from 1937 to 1954. These earlier excavations produced two sets of problematic data : first, the Lower Paleolithic stone tool industry, the Tayacian, that differs in fundamental ways from other contemporary industries, second, the human skull fragment that has been interpreted as modern in nature but that apparently dates from the last interglacial, long before there is any evidence for humans from any other site in Europe. By applying modern stratigraphic, lithic, faunal, geological, geophysical, and radiometric analyses, the interdisciplinary team demonstrates that the Tayacian 'industry' is a product of site formation processes and that the actual age of the Fontéchevade I fossil is compatible with other evidence for the arrival of modern humans in Europe.
Testing the Reality of a “Living Floor” with Archaeological Data
- Harold L. Dibble, Philip G. Chase, Shannon P. McPherron, Alain Tuffreau
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- American Antiquity / Volume 62 / Issue 4 / October 1997
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- 20 January 2017, pp. 629-651
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- October 1997
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No matter how “pristine” an archaeological assemblage may appear, archaeologists should always be concerned with documenting the degree and nature of possible postdepositional disturbances. This paper outlines a number of tests that can be applied to archaeological, vs. geological, data to assess these effects, and their use is illustrated in an excavation of a Lower Paleolithic site in France. Although this site was originally thought to contain a possible “living floor” reflecting relatively little postdepositional disturbance, the tests applied here clearly show that both the lithic and faunal components in large part reflect secondary deposits and most probably are only coincidentally associated. From a methodological perspective, this study clearly demonstrates the power of these tests for assessing the taphonomic history of any site containing lithic and faunal remains, and the use of this particular example illustrates the need for these kinds of tests to be applied at the time of excavation.
A New Method for Describing and Analyzing Artifact Shape
- Harold L. Dibble, Philip G. Chase
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- American Antiquity / Volume 46 / Issue 1 / January 1981
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- 20 January 2017, pp. 178-187
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- January 1981
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A simple, yet objective and replicable method for recording a number of variables of the two-dimensional morphology of artifacts is presented and described. This method permits precise quantification of variables such as artifact shape and area, retouch length along the perimeter of chipped stone tools, measures of convexity or concavity, area and location of cortex, etc. Moreover, it allows for direct comparisons among varied artifact assemblages.